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“试婚”之殇:诺贝尔文学大师罗素滥情的报复
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2015-11-07 - 1158觀看次數
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摘要: 

   伯特兰·罗素勋爵,出身贵族家庭,博学古今,是20世纪英国哲学家、数学家、逻辑学家、历史学家,1950年获得诺贝尔文学奖。他对于人类价值的追寻为世界所推崇,这便是“对爱情的渴望,对真理的追求,对人类苦难不可遏制的同情心。”他的一生跌宕起伏,从来不乏猎奇的故事,以至于人们对他毁誉参半,更是被世人讥笑为“会追求每一个穿裙子的女人”。他第四次结婚时已经80岁高龄,1970年2月2日,怀着对这个世界深切、复杂的情感,98岁的罗素在威尔士的家中与世长辞,死前他写下遗书,感叹此生唯有对爱情的渴望做到了完美!

  近日,罗素的女儿凯塞林·泰的著作《我的父亲罗素》再版。书中揭秘了罗素与不同的女人的交往细节,而其中,罗素的第三任妻子牛津才女皮特·斯彭斯的悲惨境遇让人唏嘘——

  一见钟情

  1930年秋,58岁的罗素在牛津大学的哲学课堂上,走进了一个年轻貌美的女学生。玫瑰色的嘴唇性感而神秘,让人忍不住有想吻的冲动。这个有着天使面容的女孩一下子就攫住了罗素的心。哲学课素来被认为是一门枯燥乏味的课程,漂亮的女孩子们似乎更是与这两个字无缘,这个女孩如此特别,让罗素一下子提足了兴趣。

  下课时,女孩却早已悄然离开了课堂。罗素懊悔万分,他忘记了打听女孩的姓名和居所。一连几天,罗素都提不起精神。而此时,罗素的第二任妻子多拉·布莱克却对罗素日益不满。多拉是一个女权主义者,她认为罗素应该更多地承担家庭责任,而不是以学术为借口整日混迹在女人堆中。她时常抱怨,一双儿女无人管教,已经沾染上不好的社会习气。她不止一次地提议,要让自己的远房亲戚来照管两个孩子的教育。这遭到了罗素的强烈反对,他认为多拉在变着法子找人监视他。

  然而,固执的多拉却做了一个愚蠢的决定。她执意带回了她远房侄女,而罗素看到她的第一眼,瞬间有种被电流击遍全身的感觉。原来,这就是罗素朝思暮想的美人。他相信,一定是上天听到了他内心真切的召唤,把缘分送到了他的身边。“罗素,这就是我时常跟你提起的皮特·斯彭斯,牛津大学文学系的高才生,她需要做家教老师补贴学费,以后就由她来辅导孩子们的功课。”多拉介绍道,皮特略有些害羞地垂下眼帘,罗素久久地沉醉在其中,不能自拔。

  这下,多拉放心地到德国去做交流访问了。年届六旬的罗素,仿佛一下子恢复了青春的激情,在与皮特相处的时光里,寻找到了初恋的感觉。他使出浑身解数,极力取悦着这个如诗一般美妙的女子。有时,他偷偷在皮特的帽子上插一支鲜艳夺目的蓝孔雀羽毛,有时在皮特的大衣内侧口袋别上一枝娇嫩欲滴的红玫瑰。罗素如孩子般稚嫩而直接的举动,一点点瓦解了皮特的内心防线。而罗素的才华四溢,更是让皮特钦慕不已。没过多久,皮特就投入了罗素的怀抱,她完全无力抵抗罗素强烈的攻势,尽管她早在来牛津之前就听闻了罗素风流成性的流言。

  每晚,当辅导完孩子们的功课,哄孩子们上床睡觉后,罗素迫不及待地与皮特,疯狂扭抱在一起,卧室、书房、浴室、厨房,无不是他们恣意寻欢的身影。他深深痴迷,并这样描述:“我们突然听到街上传来一阵野兽般的狂欢声。我们从床上滚到地上,我仿佛看见一艘齐柏林飞艇跌落在火焰中……”

  然而,好景不长,多拉的出国访问即将结束,很快就要回家了。罗素是个风流浪子,对于女人的追逐和爱情的追逐是他永远不会厌倦的游戏。虽然他深深痴情于皮特如花的容颜、娇嫩的身躯,享受着与她狂欢时的美妙体验,但妻子多拉却是他精神世界难得的知音,他们在“恋爱自由”和“开放式婚姻”上持有相似的观点。

  罗素的迟疑与犹豫让皮特如梦初醒,皮特伤心欲绝地夺门而逃。失去了皮特,罗素整日魂不守舍。他控制不住疯狂的想念,再次找到皮特,跪下求她原谅,并深情向皮特许诺:只有你才是我唯一真心爱的女人,我一定会离开多拉,与你厮守一生。

  皮特相信了。这次和好如初,让两人的爱意迸发得更为激烈。为了方便偷情,罗素甚至雇皮特为私人助教。夜晚,人们看见罗素的办公室还亮着灯,以为他还在孜孜不倦地钻研学术,其实,他却与情人在享受着偷尝禁果的欢愉。

  这期间,罗素一面极尽狂欢,一面灵感源源不断。在皮特全身心的辅佐下,罗素完成了著作《西方哲学史》,这后来成为了美国大学生的基础教材。

  出轨协议 

  尽管两人感情甜蜜,如胶似漆,但皮特依然无比渴望着嫁给罗素,然而,仍然迟迟不见罗素离婚的动静。皮特决定,她不能再这么被动地等待了。 

  这时,一桩丑闻让皮特以为看见了希望,多拉与一个美国记者偷情。英国的报纸大肆渲染这桩丑闻,皮特如获至宝,得意洋洋地将报纸扔在罗素的桌上。然而,令皮特失望的是,罗素一点也不惊讶,而且也丝毫不感到难过。这太不可思议了。罗素竟然能够容忍妻子的偷情。追问了许久,罗素才吞吞吐吐地道出了实情,这让皮特大吃一惊。

  原来,罗素早就知道多拉的这一婚外情。早在结婚伊始,两人便签订了一份允许双方有婚外情的协议,这份协议至今仍保留在罗素纪念博物馆,以佐证他对婚姻自由的思想。他们觉得,性只是获取快乐的一种方式,与婚姻的责任无关。尽管如此,出于女人的本性,多拉始终无法忍受罗素的风流。为了报复,多拉与一个美国记者发生了婚外情,以此获得心灵平衡。尽管夫妻双方都有着自己的情人,但似乎达成了某种默契,对于婚姻离合两人缄口不言。

  这个事实让皮特接近崩溃。虽然罗素口口声声说:爱情与婚姻是两码事,他只爱皮特。但高傲的皮特却不乐意委屈地永远只做一个第三者。心力交瘁的她使出最后一个撒手锏,如果罗素还不愿意离婚,那么皮特将很快嫁为人妻。

  倔强的皮特果然说到做到,不久,学校便传出皮特与牛津大学学生会主席亨利的订婚消息,这让罗素猝不及防。比起与妻子无爱的婚姻,此时,罗素情感的天平显然倾向了皮特这一边。对爱情的极度渴望,对皮特强烈的征服欲,压得罗素仿佛要窒息了一般。当罗素最终决定离婚时,皮特毫不犹豫地投入了他的怀抱。

  这段疯狂的师生恋震惊了所有人,包括多拉。终于,她知道再也无法挽回罗素了,很平静地签署了离婚协议。在搬离罗素的住所前,多拉与皮特相遇,她讥讽道:“你以为你的下场会比我好一点吗?”这番话在皮特听来,无非是失宠之人的忌妒之语,皮特骄傲地扬起嘴角:只怪你没本事拴住罗素的心。

  一生情殇

  1936年,罗素的第三次婚礼在莱茵河畔举行。夕阳西下,夜幕升起,当祝福的人群渐渐散去,皮特挽着罗素的手,在河畔漫步。熠熠星空下,微风吹拂着他们幸福的脸庞,河浪打湿了他们裸露的双脚,沾湿了他们的衣襟,他们情不自禁地拥吻起来。皮特极尽女人的温柔和乖巧,而罗素满足的呼吸,仿佛要把她的心融化了,两人惬意地享受这一个只属于彼此的夜晚。

  此时的皮特,觉得自己是世界上最幸福的妻子。她终于能够名正言顺地与罗素出双入对,拥有尊贵的地位,享有众人的敬仰。她无比珍视这段婚姻,然而又担心步多拉之后尘,因此对罗素管束得十分严格。

  然而,让她始料不及的是,皮特绑得越紧,罗素就越想逃离。终于,有一天,罗素拿出了一张协议:“我追求完美的爱情,它应当允许我们有自由的空间。我履行诺言给了你名分,你需要给我自由,所以,我们要签一个自由协议。但这丝毫不影响我对你的爱。”这份所谓的“自由协议”,其实与“婚外情”协议如出一辙,皮特感觉被从头泼了一盆冷水。她愤怒地将这份协议撕得粉碎,“我可不是多拉,想用这份协议作为出轨的挡箭牌,绝不可能!”

  从此,皮特愈发束缚罗素的行动。她要求罗素每晚10点前必须到家,如果晚回来一点,皮特会上上下下把罗素嗅个遍,看有没有女人的味道。她还时常翻看罗素的钱包、衣服,看有没有女人的东西。如果罗素受邀出访,她一定要搞清楚,有没有女人同行,如果有,皮特便会在家里大哭大闹,不允许罗素参加。

  对于天性自由的罗素来说,这简直是对他人格和尊严的侮辱。他无法理解,原来可爱温柔、善解人意的皮特,如今却变成了泼妇一般,对他的自由、甚至是事业蛮横无理地干涉。婚姻的枷锁让罗素对皮特爱意全无,甚至徒增厌恶。这样的婚姻让他觉得毫无生趣,他更加渴望外面的世界。

  后来,罗素干脆懒得回家了,他已经烦透了。他的花心更是变本加厉,只要有机会,他便和每一个穿裙子的女人寻欢作乐,朋友、学生、家庭女仆、妓女甚至是街边卖花的寡妇。即使后来皮特为罗素生下一个儿子,也仍然无法挽回罗素的心。

  1949年,罗素根据自己的体验,著成了《婚姻与道德》。书中,他提倡“试婚”,认为两个不了解的人可以通过试婚,来判断彼此是否合适,否则鲁莽结婚很可能酿成悲剧。其实他正是在反观自己与皮特的婚姻得出的结论,暗示这段婚姻非常失败。与此同时,他在“出轨”和“婚前性爱”方面形成了一套独特的理论,这在保守的英国可谓惊世骇俗。超前的观点为他赢得了声誉,却也遭到了世人的唾弃,但他的文学成就依然是举世瞩目的。1950年,罗素获得了诺贝尔文学奖。当巨大的声誉向他袭来,他与皮特更是越来越远了。

  皮特陷入了绝望的深渊。她不明白,当她还在努力挽回的时候,罗素竟然在世人面前,全盘否定了她苦心经营的婚姻。她倾其所有,一心牵挂在罗素身上,为何罗素还是弃她不顾。对于罗素的愤恨让她精神抑郁,后来演变为严重的抑郁症。甚至稍有不适,她便打骂自己的儿子,把家里砸得七零八碎,以此来获得罗素的注意力。她的苦苦哀求、她的歇斯底里、她的疯狂索取,在罗素看来,不过是个疯女人的最后挣扎。罗素与她简直像陌路人一样。在又一次发现罗素竟然和自己的妹妹琳达求欢后,皮特再也无法忍受了,这个婚姻终于走向了尽头,她抓起罗素早就准备好的离婚协议,草草签了名。

  1952年,他们离了婚。为了折磨罗素,皮特不允许儿子康拉德和罗素见面,并要求他们断绝父子关系。这遭到了康拉德的强烈反对。康拉德固执地说,你有选择不做他妻子的权利,但是没有剥夺我做他儿子的权利。你不能把你的痛苦强加于我。在又一次与母亲发生争吵后,康拉德摔门而出,再也没有回来。

  病恨交加的皮特,尽管已经在病床上奄奄一息,却仍然忍不住在报上阅读着罗素的各种花边新闻。她一边历数那些放荡的女人,一边诅咒着罗素。她不明白,为何她痴情执着专一的爱,却换回这样一个悲惨的结果,甚至被自己的儿子抛弃。

  没过多久,皮特就在愤恨和孤独中离开了人世,在她的枕边,还放着那本《西方哲学史》,书的扉页上有一行字,因为反复摩被梭,字迹已经有些模糊了,但依然可以辨认,那是罗素的笔迹:献给我此生唯一深爱的皮特。

  作者:三三 编辑/张小婧
   转自《知音海外版》2013第22期
歡迎分享留言,
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Roy LUO
2015-11-08 16:16:37
有些诧异于结尾的写法。这位peter在离婚近五十年的2004年才过逝的好像。。。。而比她老很多(三十八岁)的罗素是1970年过世的。
Roy LUO
2015-11-09 05:29:45
也不知道作者说《我的父亲罗素》最近再版,我找不到事什么出版社,何时再版,有知情者烦请告知,是英文版还是中文版。很想读此书,但是很少图书馆收藏。。。
Roy LUO
2015-11-09 05:34:00
这里有英文新版,可惜我没有港大图书证,借不了。<br />~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<br />AUTHOR Tait, Katharine, 1923-<br />TITLE My Father, Bertrand Russell / Katharine Tait ; with a new introduction by Ray Monk.<br />IMPRINT Bristol : Thoemmes Press, 1996.<br />Permanent URL for this record=> http://library.hku.hk/record=b1605232<br /><br /><br /><br />LOCATION CALL # STATUS STACK #<br /> Storage X 192.1 R96 D1 T AVAILABLE 30178366<br />OCLC # ocm35043607<br />DESCRIPT. xviii, 213 p., [4] leaves of plates : ill. ; 21 cm.<br />NOTE Includes index.<br />"A reprint of the 1975 edition with new additions"--T.p. verso.<br />LC SUBJECT Russell, Bertrand, 1872-1970.<br />ISBN 1855064723<br />
Roy LUO
2015-11-09 05:49:07
这里有一篇英文书评,不错。想抽空翻译一下。<br />http://www.apologeticsreview.com/2012/02/18/lessons-from-bertrand-russell-by-way-of-his-daughter/<br /><br />Lessons from Bertrand Russell – by way of his daughter<br />Among the pantheon of world-famous atheists of the 20th century we must admit two of the most intellectual were Anthony Flew and Bertrand Russell. Both were trained in philosophy from Britain’s best universities. Dr. Flew studied at Oxford while Russell was a Cambridge man. Flew renounced his atheism and Russell remained steadfast in his unbelief until his death in 1970. I don’t know much about Flew’s personal life but Russell produced an autobiography in 1975. His daughter, Katharine Tait, told her side of the story in her book, “My Father, Bertrand Russell”, also published in 1975.<br /><br />It is to her story I’d like to turn. She seems to have a very mature understanding of her life with her father and his four wives. Though we tend to distort of our own past by selective memory, she realizes this tendency and balances her initial judgments with more balanced introspection.<br /><br />I’ll not bore you with the details of their relationship and her memories of her father. Rather, I think you can gather from her thoughts how things went down. I am specifically interested in her recollections of how God played into (and out of) his and her life.<br /><br />Bertrand Russell and his wife established the Beacon Hill School in 1927 and their two children, John and Katharine, were among its students. It was a progressive education fostered by Bertrand’s belief that children should be presented all the options of a subject and be left to determine their own minds about it. Stuffy textbooks were not to be found at Beacon Hill (the math text was the only exception).<br /><br />She recalls, “Besides being difficult, the material was often controversial. My father did not intend his education to be propaganda; he always wanted us to consider both sides and then make up our minds… In practice, at Beacon Hill, ‘making up our own minds’ usually meant agreeing with my father, because he knew so much more and could argue so much better; also because we heard ‘the other side’ only from people who disagreed with it. There was never a cogent presentation of the Christian faith, for instance, from someone who really believed in it.”<br /><br />Regarding her father’s four marriages, she offers:<br /><br />“Tongue in cheek, my father later claimed his four marriages as proof that he approved of the institution of marriage…All his life he sought perfection: perfect mathematical truth, perfect philosophical clarify, certainty of God’s existence, a perfect formula for society, a perfect woman to live with in a perfect human relationship. And although he never found them anywhere, he never stopped looking.”<br /><br />Her thoughts on good and evil:<br /><br />“I believe that good and evil are essential to one another, that neither of them can exist alone and that there is envy, fear, anger, resentment, in every human heart, no matter how well brought up. My father did not believe this. Though these ugly things exited in our hearts, their existence was always denied in our family relations and they were left to fester like hidden wounds.”<br /><br />Later, while in college at Radcliffe, she was asked by a fellow student about her thoughts on God. She remembers the incident and recalls:<br /><br />“One day I sat in he library talking to a handsome young man who was a fellow student in one of my German classes. ‘Don’t you believe in any kind of God?’ he asked, knowing who my father was. ‘No,’ I said, ‘I don’t. It doesn’t seem to me necessary. ‘Then what is the point of living?’ ‘Well, I’ve been born now. I have little choice. Might as well go ahead and make the best of it.’ ‘That seems so bleak. How can you bear it?’ ‘Does it? Maybe. It’s just the way life is, the way the world happens to have developed. Not much use wishing it were otherwise.’ My godless world looked as desolate to him as a lifeless world would to me, but I was used to its impersonal freedom, never having known any other. At the same time, I was well aware that my existential despair was mere self-indulgence and that, God or no God, I would have to return someday to the humdrum world of doing good, helping individuals and mankind to the full extent of my rational benevolence, as I had been taught.”<br /><br />On her marriage and nagging frustration with life’s big questions:<br /><br />“I was the fortunate wife of a promising young civil servant with two charming children. I had everything I wanted, yet I was not happy. What was wrong with me? In those years, the constant mental dialogue I carry on with my father took the form of reading The Conquest of Happiness,in the hope that it might help me.<br /><br />The book promised a cure for ‘the ordinary day-to-day unhappiness from which most people in civilized countries suffer, and which is all the more unbearable because, having no obvious external cause, it appears inescapable.’ It seemed made to order for me, until I discovered that he considered puritan morals the cause of such unhappiness and their rejection its cure. What help was that to me, who had been brought up without this burden? How was I to explain or excuse my steady misery?…I must be a sad failure as a human being. Either that, or my father was mistaken… What could my father tell me about the purpose of living?… I read [my father’s] Sceptical Essays and Unpopular Essays, In Praise of Idleness and Marriage and Morals, but they all offered the same solutions: reason, progress, unselfishness, a wide historical perspective, expansiveness, generosity, enlightened self-interest. I had heard it all my life, and it filled me with despair.”<br /><br />On her father’s religious upbringing…<br /><br />“In Grandmother Russell’s religion, the only form of Christianity my father knew well, the life of this world was no more than a gloomy testing ground for future bliss. All hope, all joy, were centered on the life after death and were to be achieved only by unceasing warfare against evil in oneself and others. My father threw this morbid belief out the window…<br /><br />I believe myself that his whole life was a search for God, or, for those who prefer less personal terms, for absolute certainty…Somewhere at the back of my father’s mind, at the bottom of his heart, in the depths of his soul, there was an empty space that had once been filled by God, and he never found anything else to put in it…”<br /><br />The religion my parents had grown up in was a dry morality without grace, a series of impossible demands that left them defeated and depressed. They escaped from it joyfully into a free life that affirmed their own goodness and expected their children’s. And yet they passed on to us the same impossible demands from which they had suffered…”<br /><br />On her conversion to Christianity (Surprise, surprise!)<br /><br />“Before I started going to church, I had been running about the world, like Christian in Pilgrim’s Progress, looking for a way to escape the burden of my sin, and neither my father nor psychiatry had been able to help me…I remained ‘weary of earth and laden with my sin,’ just like my father in his youth.”<br /><br />She and her husband began going to church and “as we went on going, Sunday by Sunday, I listened attentively to the hymns, the prayer book, the words of the Bible, even the sermons. As I listened, I began to think that what I heard made sense out of everything…And I found it easier to believe in a universe created by an eternal God than in one that had ‘just happened.’ For me, the belief in forgiveness and grace was like sunshine after long days of rain. No matter what I did, no matter how low I fell, God would be there to forgive, to pick me up and set me on my feet again. Though I could not earn his love, neither could I lose it. It was absolute, not conditional…”<br /><br />On her desire to share her faith with her father:<br /><br />“I would have liked to convince my father that I had found what he had been looking for, the ineffable something he had longed for all his life. I would have liked to persuade him that the search for God does not have to be vain. But it was hopeless. He had known too many blind Christians, bleak moralists who sucked the joy from life and persecuted their opponents; he would never have been able to see the truth they were hiding…All I could do was trust him to God’s care, knowing that God loved him more than I did and would do what was best for him.”<br /><br />Wow. Powerful stuff. No commentary needed. As Jesus said, “He that has ears to hear, let him hear.”<br /><br />For more of her story, you can find her book on Amazon.
Roy LUO
2015-11-13 15:19:15
罗素大儿子精神分裂,部分原因据说是罗素与媳妇有染。。。儿子因此离婚,所生的两个女儿似乎也都有精神问题。在Ray Monk的传记中对此有揭露,不过向来是自由化的美国纽约时报的文章反过来攻击Ray Monk。。。罗素的一生可真的一言难尽。她女儿写的传记也多少透露他其实很多的无奈和纠结。。说的写的那些玩意自己最后也不再相信可靠和正确。。。 另外一些历史研究指出罗素很可能与著名诗人Eliot的有些精神问题的妻子有染,还美名其曰婚姻辅导。另外他的老师怀特海的妻子他也勾搭。。。。
Ken
2015-11-20 16:40:36
:)
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